
(Ruth Szpunar at DePauw University)
Scientific Journals
The best sources to cite are scholarly, scientific journal articles that are "peer-reviewed" (screened for publication by the author's peers).
Primary Article - First report of new research that includes actual data and describes experimental methods
Review Article - Secondary report that summarizes and discusses previous research findings
The databases below can help you to locate scholarly, scientific, and/or peer-reviewed articles relevant to the biological sciences.
An abstract and citation database of research literature and quality web sources, including journals, conference proceedings, trade publications, abstracts, and patent records from the humanities, sciences and social sciences. Allows users to locate the most highly cited items and the articles that cite them.
This multi-disciplinary database provides full text for more than 3,100 journals, including active full text for nearly 2,750 peer-reviewed journals.
An interface that allows users to search over 40 EBSCO databases across several disciplines at once. Includes full-text access to thousands of journals, magazines, newspapers, etc.
Search through journals, books, reference works, and images for the physical sciences, engineering, life sciences, health sciences, social sciences and humanities.
Other Sources
Some sources can be consulted for ideas or background, but cannot take the place of peer-reviewed journals. For example:
Websites - Avoid citing personal websites (even those of scientists) unless they are hosted by a scientific research institution.
Encyclopedias - Avoid citing encyclopedias unless they are science-specific and peer-reviewed, e.g. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS).
Magazines - Avoid citing general magazines (even science magazines like Discover or Science News).
Books - Avoid citing books unless they are written by and for scientists, and published by a scientific or university press. Books are usually secondary sources.
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